What is Frankincense Resin?
Frankincense (also known as olibanum, Hebrew: לבונה [levona], Arabic: al-lubān) is an aromatic resin used in incense and perfumes, obtained from trees of the genus Boswellia in the family Burseraceae, particularly Boswellia sacra (syn: B. bhaw-dajiana), B. carteri, B. frereana, B. serrata (Indian frankincense), and B. papyrifera a few examples. The English word is derived from Old French "franc encens" (i.e., high quality incense).
To date there are about 43 species of Boswellia Trees. You can see it here: The WFO Plant List | World Flora Online
Frankincense resin begins as a milky-white sticky liquid that flows from the trunk of the tree when it's injured, healing the wound. Frankincense resin is in essence a defense mechanism , it is the trees own healing fluid, that is why it is said the resins are found to have anti- fungal and antimicrobial properties. It is also thought that the antiseptic qualities of the resins help to prevent decay. It hardens over time due to exposure to oxygen, sealing the tree from the outside environment, harmful insects, infection, bacteria and mold.
The Arabic name is luban, which means chewing gum. . It's also known as olibanum, and its essential oil is often called "Oil of Lebanon." It's commonly recognized western name, frankincense, is said to have originated from the Frankish (French) Knights of the Crusades who treasured it in large quantities.
There are a variety of species that grow throughout Arabia, Africa, and India.
Frankincense has been used as incense, perfume, and medicinally for thousands of years.
Frankincense is used in both Ayurvedic medicine and Traditional Chinese Medicine, and in many local folk remedies throughout Africa and the Middle East.
Frankincense resin is said to have mystical powers. It is is good for aches and pains and for uses in anxiety or depression issues. It can help with arthritis, rheumatism, ulcers, asthma, bronchitis, gastrointestinal disorders, memory loss, improving brain function, and aging skin
What are Boswellic Acids?
Boswellic acids are resin acids and make up between 30% - 60% of the resin portion of Frankincense. There are studies that have indicated that the boswellic acids in Frankincense possess anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. The Essential Oil that is distilled from the resin does not contain boswellic acid. The molecules are too heavy to come through the distillation.
5 of the resins have a higher percentage of boswellic acid in it. They are:
Boswellia carteri-Somalia
Boswellia sacra-Oman
Boswellia serrata-India
Boswellia papyrifera-Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya
Boswellia dalzielii- Nigeria
Frankincense resins are wonderful, there are many uses for them. You can make salves, tinctures, you can infuse them, you can drink them in tea, and you can put them in a capsule and ingest them. They are totally different than the essential oil. The contradictions are different because you are using the raw material instead of using the highly concentration essential oil. I have incorporated them into my aromatherapy practice. If you want to learn more about resins and incense I urge you to take courses from me. Look at my Courses Category. I also created a Frankincense Resin and all Tree Resin Facebook group. It is a totally educational group about all these resins. I also have a business page where i put events and updates, it is called Robins Resins Plus. I urge you to join both of these Facebook pages.
Frankincense (also known as olibanum, Hebrew: לבונה [levona], Arabic: al-lubān) is an aromatic resin used in incense and perfumes, obtained from trees of the genus Boswellia in the family Burseraceae, particularly Boswellia sacra (syn: B. bhaw-dajiana), B. carteri, B. frereana, B. serrata (Indian frankincense), and B. papyrifera a few examples. The English word is derived from Old French "franc encens" (i.e., high quality incense).
To date there are about 43 species of Boswellia Trees. You can see it here: The WFO Plant List | World Flora Online
Frankincense resin begins as a milky-white sticky liquid that flows from the trunk of the tree when it's injured, healing the wound. Frankincense resin is in essence a defense mechanism , it is the trees own healing fluid, that is why it is said the resins are found to have anti- fungal and antimicrobial properties. It is also thought that the antiseptic qualities of the resins help to prevent decay. It hardens over time due to exposure to oxygen, sealing the tree from the outside environment, harmful insects, infection, bacteria and mold.
The Arabic name is luban, which means chewing gum. . It's also known as olibanum, and its essential oil is often called "Oil of Lebanon." It's commonly recognized western name, frankincense, is said to have originated from the Frankish (French) Knights of the Crusades who treasured it in large quantities.
There are a variety of species that grow throughout Arabia, Africa, and India.
Frankincense has been used as incense, perfume, and medicinally for thousands of years.
Frankincense is used in both Ayurvedic medicine and Traditional Chinese Medicine, and in many local folk remedies throughout Africa and the Middle East.
Frankincense resin is said to have mystical powers. It is is good for aches and pains and for uses in anxiety or depression issues. It can help with arthritis, rheumatism, ulcers, asthma, bronchitis, gastrointestinal disorders, memory loss, improving brain function, and aging skin
What are Boswellic Acids?
Boswellic acids are resin acids and make up between 30% - 60% of the resin portion of Frankincense. There are studies that have indicated that the boswellic acids in Frankincense possess anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. The Essential Oil that is distilled from the resin does not contain boswellic acid. The molecules are too heavy to come through the distillation.
5 of the resins have a higher percentage of boswellic acid in it. They are:
Boswellia carteri-Somalia
Boswellia sacra-Oman
Boswellia serrata-India
Boswellia papyrifera-Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya
Boswellia dalzielii- Nigeria
Frankincense resins are wonderful, there are many uses for them. You can make salves, tinctures, you can infuse them, you can drink them in tea, and you can put them in a capsule and ingest them. They are totally different than the essential oil. The contradictions are different because you are using the raw material instead of using the highly concentration essential oil. I have incorporated them into my aromatherapy practice. If you want to learn more about resins and incense I urge you to take courses from me. Look at my Courses Category. I also created a Frankincense Resin and all Tree Resin Facebook group. It is a totally educational group about all these resins. I also have a business page where i put events and updates, it is called Robins Resins Plus. I urge you to join both of these Facebook pages.
Boswllia sacra (Green Hojari)
Boswellia sacra-Oman
Latin Name : Boswellia sacra
Common Name: Royal Hojari Frankincense
Contains Boswellic Acid
Boswellia sacra (commonly known as frankincense or olibanum-tree) is a tree in the Burseraceae family. It is native to the Arabian Peninsula (Oman, Yemen).
This resin comes in many colors and grades.
Green Hojari is suppose to be the highest grade and is light to dark green depending on the climate changes in Oman, and suppose to have a deep intoxicating smell. This grade is very expensive because the tree only will produce this color once or twice a year.
White Superior is the next grade and can be white or yellow in color. Its smell is strong but not as strong as the green.
Amber is the next grade Black is considered the next grade.
B. sacra is called the Frankincense of kings! This also highly likely the same frankincense brought to Jesus as an infant by the wise men! This resin contains Boswellic Acid.
Sacra can be used in drinking water to add aromatic fragrance to the water. It is also said to clean the air and kills bacteria that multiply in the throat and stomach. In Oman, this type of superior frankincense is burned in churches, temples and mosques to add aromatic fragrance. . Also wealthy people burn this frankincense in their homes to provide a feeling of luxury, especially when receiving guests. It is anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory.
Boswellia carteri
Boswellia carteri Somaliland /Somali
Latin Name - Boswellia carteri
Common Name - Beyo Frankincense, Mohorl Frankincense
Contains Boswellic Acid
This resin grows in Somaliland and Somalia in Africa. Some traditional uses of Boswellia carteri is to burn it as an incense for fragrance especially after cooking something non pleasant smelling such as fish. It is burnt for the warding away of mosquitoes, and insects such as sand flies. It is believed that burning Boswellia carteri frankincense after an illness will clear the germs. . It is also believed it can drive away evil spirits. It is said that most of Boswellia carteri resins are sold for the perfume industry with France being one of the major purchasers of Boswellia carterii. Boswellia carteri is used in many popular perfumes. France has an incredible history of distillation and perfumery with Boswellia carteri, especially in Grasse region of France. It is also reported that China is a large purchaser of Boswellia carteri, for use in Chinese medicine. Boswellia carteri is a source of boswellic acid, and has been recently shown to fight inflammatory diseases like asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, atopic dermatitis, Crohn’s disease and a variety of cancers. It is the best resin to use for all kinds of skin conditions. It is anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory
Latin Name - Boswellia carteri
Common Name - Beyo Frankincense, Mohorl Frankincense
Contains Boswellic Acid
This resin grows in Somaliland and Somalia in Africa. Some traditional uses of Boswellia carteri is to burn it as an incense for fragrance especially after cooking something non pleasant smelling such as fish. It is burnt for the warding away of mosquitoes, and insects such as sand flies. It is believed that burning Boswellia carteri frankincense after an illness will clear the germs. . It is also believed it can drive away evil spirits. It is said that most of Boswellia carteri resins are sold for the perfume industry with France being one of the major purchasers of Boswellia carterii. Boswellia carteri is used in many popular perfumes. France has an incredible history of distillation and perfumery with Boswellia carteri, especially in Grasse region of France. It is also reported that China is a large purchaser of Boswellia carteri, for use in Chinese medicine. Boswellia carteri is a source of boswellic acid, and has been recently shown to fight inflammatory diseases like asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, atopic dermatitis, Crohn’s disease and a variety of cancers. It is the best resin to use for all kinds of skin conditions. It is anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory
Boswellia frereana
Boswellia frereana- Somaliland/Somali (also called Maydi) - no BA in it but a very interesting resin.
Latin Name: Boswellia frereana
Common Name: Frankincense frereana
No Boswellic Acid
Boswellia frereana is native to northern Somaliland and Somali where the locals call it "Maydi" or the king of all frankincense and their pride of joy.
With a sweet and warm amber fragrance highlighted by spice, and floral notes, this resin differs from most other types of Frankincense with its pure oleo-resin content and lack of water-soluble gum. It does not dissolve in water but does in a carrier oil.
The west sees very little of this precious Frankincense. Most of it is exported to Egypt. It can be chewed like gum and is excellent for a tooth ache or stomach issues and relaxation.
It comes in many grades. When coming off the tree it is very large. It would be basically what you see in this picture. Then it is broken down into different sizes. This resin is very delicate and breaks very easily. You will hardly see pieces this big. 1st grade a bit smaller than this is called Mushaad. 2nd grade, which is smaller is called Mujarwal, 3rd grade which most companies sell is called Fas Kabir. Grade also goes by quality. The resin with the least amount of bark is considered the highest quality. I sell the highest quality no matter which grade you purchase.
it is perfect for making , cremes, salves, tinctures and many other natural cosmetic, fragrant and healing products.
B. frereana is an excellent oleoresin for mature skin and signs of aging. It works well in salves for arthritis and also muscle and joint pain
It is anti-inflammatory, has been shown to either reduce cartilage deterioration, or rebuild cartilage.. It kills the H. Pylori bacteria that causes ulcers and is used in skincare products as are the other types. It is one of my favorite resins
Boswellia serrata
Boswellia serrata-India
Latin name: Boswellia serrata
Common Name: Frankincense serrata
Contains Boswellic acid.
The resin of Boswellia species has been used as incense in religious and cultural ceremonies and in medicines since time immemorial. Gum-resin extracts of Boswellia serrata have been traditionally used in folk medicine for centuries to treat various chronic inflammatory diseases. Boswellia serrata (Salai/Salai guggul) (Family: Burseraceae; Genus: Boswellia) is a moderate to large sized branching tree that grows in dry mountainous regions of India, Northern Africa and the Middle East.
This resin has a bitter taste and when burned some think it really does not smell nice. .It has been used for those who have headaches and migraines. It is know to have very good anti-inflammation properties. Some see Boswellia serrata as a promising alternative to NSAIDs, warranting further investigation in pharmacological studies and clinical trials.
Boswellia Serrata Caution:
It has come to our attention that Boswellia serrata resin and Boswellia Carterri resin may have a problem with those on blood thinning medication and those who have blood or heart problems.
We suspect that this effect may be due to presence of Estragole, also known as Methylchavicol, in the oil. According to Essential oil Safety second edition Robert Tissurand/Rodney Young, p 553, Estragole have an in vitro antiplatelet effect. This effect is compared to diluted aspirin solution". You can read more about this chemical by reading it in his book.
Serrata usually contains around 2% of estragole while carterri range between none to 0.15%, as per GC reports and communication with Hubert Marceau, a well know distinguished chemist at PhytoChemia who is very well known for his work with Essential oils and also resins. This chemical shows up in the essential oil also.
Please use this resin and the essential oil carefully and check with your physician first.
Latin name: Boswellia serrata
Common Name: Frankincense serrata
Contains Boswellic acid.
The resin of Boswellia species has been used as incense in religious and cultural ceremonies and in medicines since time immemorial. Gum-resin extracts of Boswellia serrata have been traditionally used in folk medicine for centuries to treat various chronic inflammatory diseases. Boswellia serrata (Salai/Salai guggul) (Family: Burseraceae; Genus: Boswellia) is a moderate to large sized branching tree that grows in dry mountainous regions of India, Northern Africa and the Middle East.
This resin has a bitter taste and when burned some think it really does not smell nice. .It has been used for those who have headaches and migraines. It is know to have very good anti-inflammation properties. Some see Boswellia serrata as a promising alternative to NSAIDs, warranting further investigation in pharmacological studies and clinical trials.
Boswellia Serrata Caution:
It has come to our attention that Boswellia serrata resin and Boswellia Carterri resin may have a problem with those on blood thinning medication and those who have blood or heart problems.
We suspect that this effect may be due to presence of Estragole, also known as Methylchavicol, in the oil. According to Essential oil Safety second edition Robert Tissurand/Rodney Young, p 553, Estragole have an in vitro antiplatelet effect. This effect is compared to diluted aspirin solution". You can read more about this chemical by reading it in his book.
Serrata usually contains around 2% of estragole while carterri range between none to 0.15%, as per GC reports and communication with Hubert Marceau, a well know distinguished chemist at PhytoChemia who is very well known for his work with Essential oils and also resins. This chemical shows up in the essential oil also.
Please use this resin and the essential oil carefully and check with your physician first.
Boswellia neglecta
Frankincense Boswellia neglecta
Latin Name: Boswellia neglecta
Common Name: Frankincense neglecta
Contains traces of Boswellic Acid
This beautiful resin comes from the Ogaden region in Ethiopia and also in Kenya. . It components are made up of alpha-Pinene, alpha-Thujene, Sabinene, Delta 3 Carene and Limonene.
It is ruled astrologically by the Sun like all Frankincense and has a strong feeling with the heart and chest, physically, and emotionally. Just like the heat of the sun all types of frankincense are warming, and anti-inflammatory, give a feeling of awe, and promote great feelings of spirituality and contentment.
This is a very interesting tree because the tree produces 2 resins. Black and White. White is extremely rare because the tree produces more Black then White and only certain times of the year. The gum-resin of B. neglecta seeps out of the wounds & cuts on the tree and dries up on the area of injury, sealing the tree’s wounds.
Boswellia neglecta cannot be tapped to increase the yield of valuable resin, there is less concern of over abuse and unsustainable harvesting practices. It is used for burning as incense for its incredible aroma and is quite pliable and sticky when held in one’s hand. I have broken off a piece and it oozes in my hand. It is full of essential oil and gum.
The one from Ethiopia is a much sweeter Boswellia than that of Aden, Oman, Somalia and India with a slight minty note. I have used the resin from the other countries and notice a difference. The others have more of a masculine woodsy smell. I actually like this smell better. It is used in perfume and I can understand why. I took a piece and burned it and the smell was wonderful. Totally relaxing and I felt like I was drifting into a beautiful sleep, which by the way is one of its uses. It has been used throughout the ages to enhance spirituality, mental perception, meditation, prayer and consciousness, so I can see why I reacted this way.
Locally it is used as an insect repellent, the gum is also thought to be useful in the treatment of gonorrhea. The bark is often used in tonics and thought to help promote the healing of wounds.
The resin is great for relaxation and to release anxiety and stress as it gives a sense of calming.
I totally like this resin, it is my second favorite one. I use it for the Hospice patients I visit that have lung issues especially those that have Lung cancer. No it does not cure cancer but what it does once it is infused in a carrier oil and massaged on one's chest, it seems to open up the lungs a bit and make it easier for a person to breathe. I have found each time i have used it in this capacity it really helps.
Latin Name: Boswellia neglecta
Common Name: Frankincense neglecta
Contains traces of Boswellic Acid
This beautiful resin comes from the Ogaden region in Ethiopia and also in Kenya. . It components are made up of alpha-Pinene, alpha-Thujene, Sabinene, Delta 3 Carene and Limonene.
It is ruled astrologically by the Sun like all Frankincense and has a strong feeling with the heart and chest, physically, and emotionally. Just like the heat of the sun all types of frankincense are warming, and anti-inflammatory, give a feeling of awe, and promote great feelings of spirituality and contentment.
This is a very interesting tree because the tree produces 2 resins. Black and White. White is extremely rare because the tree produces more Black then White and only certain times of the year. The gum-resin of B. neglecta seeps out of the wounds & cuts on the tree and dries up on the area of injury, sealing the tree’s wounds.
Boswellia neglecta cannot be tapped to increase the yield of valuable resin, there is less concern of over abuse and unsustainable harvesting practices. It is used for burning as incense for its incredible aroma and is quite pliable and sticky when held in one’s hand. I have broken off a piece and it oozes in my hand. It is full of essential oil and gum.
The one from Ethiopia is a much sweeter Boswellia than that of Aden, Oman, Somalia and India with a slight minty note. I have used the resin from the other countries and notice a difference. The others have more of a masculine woodsy smell. I actually like this smell better. It is used in perfume and I can understand why. I took a piece and burned it and the smell was wonderful. Totally relaxing and I felt like I was drifting into a beautiful sleep, which by the way is one of its uses. It has been used throughout the ages to enhance spirituality, mental perception, meditation, prayer and consciousness, so I can see why I reacted this way.
Locally it is used as an insect repellent, the gum is also thought to be useful in the treatment of gonorrhea. The bark is often used in tonics and thought to help promote the healing of wounds.
The resin is great for relaxation and to release anxiety and stress as it gives a sense of calming.
I totally like this resin, it is my second favorite one. I use it for the Hospice patients I visit that have lung issues especially those that have Lung cancer. No it does not cure cancer but what it does once it is infused in a carrier oil and massaged on one's chest, it seems to open up the lungs a bit and make it easier for a person to breathe. I have found each time i have used it in this capacity it really helps.
Boswellia rivae
Frankincense Boswellia rivae- The “Ogaden,” a Somali region in Ethiopia
Latin Name: Boswellia rivae
Common name: Frankincense rivae
Contains traces of Boswellic Acid
Boswellia rivae is a very hard resin but when you break it open, the gum oozes out of it and the smell is totally incredible. When you break it open it smells just like a beautiful perfume. To me, it has a vanilla cinnamon aroma which makes it really unique.
It has a high content of limonene, alpha-pinene, and octanol. This resin can be used to help with congestion. Actually octanol is found in many perfumes. It has some boswellic acid in it and is excellent for whatever ails you. You can infuse it in a carrier oil and actually use it as a perfume. I have infused it in a carrier oil and actually wear it as a perfume, it actually smells better than some of the regular perfumes I have.
Burning it as incense will bring out its aromatic smell. The people in the Ogaden region actually use it to cleanse their homes.
B. Rivae is known for its clarifying effect on skin and is also excellent for mature skin
Latin Name: Boswellia rivae
Common name: Frankincense rivae
Contains traces of Boswellic Acid
Boswellia rivae is a very hard resin but when you break it open, the gum oozes out of it and the smell is totally incredible. When you break it open it smells just like a beautiful perfume. To me, it has a vanilla cinnamon aroma which makes it really unique.
It has a high content of limonene, alpha-pinene, and octanol. This resin can be used to help with congestion. Actually octanol is found in many perfumes. It has some boswellic acid in it and is excellent for whatever ails you. You can infuse it in a carrier oil and actually use it as a perfume. I have infused it in a carrier oil and actually wear it as a perfume, it actually smells better than some of the regular perfumes I have.
Burning it as incense will bring out its aromatic smell. The people in the Ogaden region actually use it to cleanse their homes.
B. Rivae is known for its clarifying effect on skin and is also excellent for mature skin
Boswellia papyrifera-
Boswellia papyrifera-Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya
Latin name: Boswellia papyrifera
Common Name: Frankincense papyrifera
Contains Boswellic Acid
Boswellia papyrifera, also known as Sudanese frankincense is native to Ethiopia, Eritrea and Sudan. The tree is cultivated in Ethiopia because of its valuable resin. The incense smoke is characterized by a fresh lemon-pine scent, and is therefore highly esteemed. In Ethiopia where it is called itan zaf, it comes in semi-translucent yellow tears.
Boswellia papyrifera is distinguished from other types of frankincense by the presence of large amounts of Octyl Acetate and Octanol and two other unusual and unique chemical markers, Incensole and Incensole Acetate. Studies have shown that Incensole Acetate affects our central nervous system and possesses psychoactive properties. Some also say when burning this resin they seem to get intense dreams. It is used a lot in House of Worship for praying usage.. I have found that this resin is also good for those who have essential tremors and 1st stage Parkinsons Disease.
Latin name: Boswellia papyrifera
Common Name: Frankincense papyrifera
Contains Boswellic Acid
Boswellia papyrifera, also known as Sudanese frankincense is native to Ethiopia, Eritrea and Sudan. The tree is cultivated in Ethiopia because of its valuable resin. The incense smoke is characterized by a fresh lemon-pine scent, and is therefore highly esteemed. In Ethiopia where it is called itan zaf, it comes in semi-translucent yellow tears.
Boswellia papyrifera is distinguished from other types of frankincense by the presence of large amounts of Octyl Acetate and Octanol and two other unusual and unique chemical markers, Incensole and Incensole Acetate. Studies have shown that Incensole Acetate affects our central nervous system and possesses psychoactive properties. Some also say when burning this resin they seem to get intense dreams. It is used a lot in House of Worship for praying usage.. I have found that this resin is also good for those who have essential tremors and 1st stage Parkinsons Disease.
Myrrh (Commiphora myrrha)
Myrrh-Commiphora myrrha-from The “Ogaden,” a Somali region in Ethiopia, or Somaliland and Somalia
Latin Name: Commiphora myrrha
Common Name: Myrrh
Myrrh is an aromatic resin that comes from a number of small thorny tree species in the genus Commiphora. Myrrh is similar to the Frankincense species when the tree wound penetrates the bark the tree bleeds resin. These resins are wild-harvested meaning when an animal brushes up the tree the resins fall off and then it is collected.
Myrrh has a very bitter smell and taste but its' uses make up for it. It has been used for centuries for incense as well as natural medicine, and may heal wounds.
It can be made into a tincture and used for any mouth issues. Pop a piece in your mouth when you have a toothache until you can get to the dentist. Caution is advised because it moves the blood. Those pregnant or have heart conditions or on blood thinners need to be careful using this resin.
Also those menstrating need also to be careful because you may have heavier menstrual flows. Consult your doctor before using this resin.
Latin Name: Commiphora myrrha
Common Name: Myrrh
Myrrh is an aromatic resin that comes from a number of small thorny tree species in the genus Commiphora. Myrrh is similar to the Frankincense species when the tree wound penetrates the bark the tree bleeds resin. These resins are wild-harvested meaning when an animal brushes up the tree the resins fall off and then it is collected.
Myrrh has a very bitter smell and taste but its' uses make up for it. It has been used for centuries for incense as well as natural medicine, and may heal wounds.
It can be made into a tincture and used for any mouth issues. Pop a piece in your mouth when you have a toothache until you can get to the dentist. Caution is advised because it moves the blood. Those pregnant or have heart conditions or on blood thinners need to be careful using this resin.
Also those menstrating need also to be careful because you may have heavier menstrual flows. Consult your doctor before using this resin.
Opoponax- (Commiphora guiddoti)
Opoponax- Commiphora guiddoti- from The “Ogaden,” a Somali region in Ethiopia, also in Somaliland & Somalia
Latin Name: Commiphora guiddoti
Common name: Opoponax
Opoponax or "Sweet Myrrh" as some call it, is a cousin of Myrrh. It grows in Eastern Ethiopia, Somalia, Kenya and Somaliland. This one grows in Ethiopia. It is a natural oleogum resin just like myrrh. It is named sweet myrrh because it is not bitter like Myrrh but sweet-smelling and its taste is sweet also. In Ethiopia, it is also wild-harvested just like Myrrh is. If you put the two together they look rather similar.
People have asked me how can you tell, oh you will know as soon as you smell each one. Opoponax has also a bit more orange to it while Myrrh is more reddish.
It can be used to make skin look fresh by making a tincture or an herbal infusion. Some actually use it to aid digestion and help with congestion.
Latin Name: Commiphora guiddoti
Common name: Opoponax
Opoponax or "Sweet Myrrh" as some call it, is a cousin of Myrrh. It grows in Eastern Ethiopia, Somalia, Kenya and Somaliland. This one grows in Ethiopia. It is a natural oleogum resin just like myrrh. It is named sweet myrrh because it is not bitter like Myrrh but sweet-smelling and its taste is sweet also. In Ethiopia, it is also wild-harvested just like Myrrh is. If you put the two together they look rather similar.
People have asked me how can you tell, oh you will know as soon as you smell each one. Opoponax has also a bit more orange to it while Myrrh is more reddish.
It can be used to make skin look fresh by making a tincture or an herbal infusion. Some actually use it to aid digestion and help with congestion.
I put this recipe together for those who don’t want to copy and paste All these recipes are in my book and Companion.pdf.
If you purchase my book there are lots of recipes in it. You can also purchase Boswellia frereana from my store too.
If you purchase my book there are lots of recipes in it. You can also purchase Boswellia frereana from my store too.
Resins and Children |
|
Please keep resins out of reach of children and pets. They can become choking material because they are hard and take a while to break up in ones mouth. Also children like to grab things that smell nice and put them in their mouth. Animals will think it is food. Make sure you do not burn it near children or pets because it gets very hot and can cause bad burns. I suggest you do a patch test on a child when you use them in infusions to make sure there are no reactions. Also when cooking with resins make sure whoever eats the food is not allergic to Frankincense trees.
References:
Written permission has been obtained for some information from Dan Riegler, Ryan Bambrick, Jamie Garvey, Mahdi Ibrahim, Mohamed Sheikh, Eric Suarez, and Evan Sylliaasen
1. World Flora Online. (2020). Boswellia search. World Flora Online. Retrieved January 1, 2020 http://www.worldfloraonline.org/search?query=Boswellia
2. Burseraceae. (n.d.). In Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved January 3, 2019
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burseraceae
3. Middle East Institute. (2019). The Story of Frankincense. Middle East Institute. Retrieved January 3, 2019
http://www.mei.edu/sqcc/frankincense
4. Riegler, D. (2018). Frankincense as Medicine-Truth, Myth, and Misinformation. Apothecary's Garden. Retrieved February 5. 2019
https://apothecarysgarden.com/2018/02/28/frankincense-medicine-truth-mythandmisinformation/
5. Gebrehiwot, K., Muys, B., Haile, M., & Mitloehner, R. (2003). Introducing Boswellia Papyrifera (Del.) Hochst and Its Non-Timber Forest Product, Frankincense. International Forestry Review, 5(4), 348-353. Retrieved February 23, 2019
http://www.fao.org/docrep/ARTICLE/WFC/XII/0845-A1.HTM
6. Bambrick, R. (n.d). Ethiopian Frankincense - Boswellia papyrifera. NWI Trading Company. Retrieved February 24,2019
https://frankincense.net/products/ethiopian-frankincense-boswellia-papyrifea
7. Boswellic Acid. (n.d.). In Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from February 24, 2019
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boswellic_acid
8. Moussaieff, A., Rimmerman, N., Bregman, T., Straiker, A., Felder, C., Shoham, S., Kashman, Y., Huang, S., Lee, H., Shohami, E., Mackie, K., Caterina, M., Walker, J., Fride, E., & Mechoulam, R. (2008). PMC Incensole acetate, an incense component, elicits psych activity by activating TRPV3 channels in the brain. FASEB J., 22(8), 3024–3034. Retrieved February 24, 2019
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2493463/
9. Tisserand, R. (2015). Frankincense Oil and Cancer in Perspective. Tisserand Institute. Retrieved February 24,2019
http://tisserandinstitute.org/frankincense-oil-and-cancer-in-perspective/
10. Bambrick, R. (2016). Frankincense Information: Boswellia carterii. NWI Trading Company. Retrieved March 4, 2019
https://frankincense.info/2016/04/18/boswellia-carterii/
11. Ibrahim, M. & Garvey, J. (n.d.). Boswellness Certified Organic Frankincense & Myrrh Distillery. Boswellness. Retrieved March 4,2019
http://www.boswellness.com/
12. Schmiech, M., Lang, S., Werner, K., Rashan, L., Syrovets, T., & Simmet, T. (2019). Comparative Analysis of Pentacyclic Triterpenic Acid Compositions in Oleogum Resins of Different Boswellia Species and Their In Vitro Cytotoxicity against Treatment-Resistant Human Breast Cancer Cells. Molecules, 24(11), 2153. Retrieved April 5, 2019
https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/11/2153?fbclid=IwAR1bCI1cRT4LF8QafOf9sxnMvlcigEZ SM4NpqkCBughTuzXsyPIFy9L1Lo
13. Alpha-Pinene. (n.d.). In Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved April 5, 2019
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-Pinene#Properties_and_usage
14. Bambrick, R. (2016). Frankincense Information-Boswellia sacra. NWI Trading Company. Retrieved April 23, 2019
https://frankincense.info/2016/07/23/boswellia-sacra/
15. Boswellia sacra. (n.d.). In Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved May 11, 2019
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boswellia_sacra
16. Gingling, M. (n.d.). Complete Collection. Ethereal Aromas Incense Company.
Retrieved May 12, 2019
http://www.eaincense.com/complete-archive-collection.html
17. Blain, E., Ali, A., & Duance, V. (2010). Boswellia frereana (frankincense) suppresses cytokine-induced matrix metalloproteinase expression and production of pro-inflammatory molecules in articular cartilage. Phytotherapy Research, 24(6), 905-912. Retrieved May 12, 2019
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19943332
18. Singh, G., & Atal, C. (1986). Pharmacology of an extract of salai guggal ex-Boswellia serrata, a new nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent. Agents Actions, 18(3-4), 407-412. Retrieved May 26, 2019
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3751752
19. Sadhasivam, S., Palanivel, S, & Ghosh, S. (2016). Synergistic antimicrobial activity of Boswellia serrata Roxb. ex Colebr. (Burseraceae) essential oil with various azoles against pathogens associated with skin, scalp and nail infections. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 63(6), 495-501. Retrieved June 1, 2019, from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27730658
20. Sheikh, M. (2019). Natural Resin and Essential Oils. Resinolia. Retrieved June 1, 2019
https://www.resinolia.com/
21. The Sherpa. (2015). Boswellia Serrata: A Natural Pain Killer More Powerful than Ibuprofen. Natural Health Sherpa. Retrieved June 1, 2019
https://www.naturalhealthsherpa.com/boswellia-serrata-side-effects-extractbenefits/521079
22. Riegler, D. (2013). Boswellia rivae. Fair Trade Frankincense. Retrieved June 2, 2019 https://fairtradefrankincense.com/tag/boswellia-rivae/
23. Bambrick, R. (2016). Frankincense Blog-What is Frankincense? NWI Trading Company. Retrieved June 2, 2019
https://frankincense.net/blogs/frankincense-blog
24. Riegler, D. (n.d). Boswellia serrata. Fair Trade Frankincense. Retrieved June 2, 2019
https://fairtradefrankincense.com/tag/boswellia-serrata/
25. Woolley, C., Suhail, M., Smith, B., Boren, K., Taylor, L., Schreuder, M., Chai, J., Casabianca, H., Haq, S., Lin, H., Al-Shahri, A., Al-Hatmi, S., & Young, D. (2012). Chemical differentiation of Boswellia sacra and Boswellia carterii essential oils by gas chromatography and chiral gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A, 1261, 158-63. Retrieved July 1, 2019
https:// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22835693
26. Bambrick, R. (n.d.). Collections--Frankincense Resins. NWI Trading Company. Retrieved July 2, 2019
https://frankincense.net/collections/frankincense-resins
27. Myrrh. (n.d). In Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved July 5,2019
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myrrh
28. Sylliaasen, E. (2017). Frankincense-Divine Communion. The Northwest School of Aromatic Medicine. Retrieved July 8, 2019
https://aromaticmedicineschool.com/frankincense-divine-communion/
29. Sylliaasen, E. (2017). Aromatic Plant Profiles: Sacred Incense Plants of the World. Higher Mind Incense. Retrieved July 8, 2019
https://highermindincense.com/category/aromatic-plant-profiles/
30. Pan, Y., Liang, X., Niu, L., Wang, Y., Tong, X., Hua, H., Zheng, J., Meng, D., & Liu, X. (2015). Comparative studies of pharmacokinetics and anticoagulatory effect in rats after oral administration of Frankincense and its processed products. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 172, 118-23. Retrieved September 5, 2019
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26117531
31. Pan, Y., Liang, X., Niu, L., Wang, Y., Tong, X., Hua, H., Zheng, J., Meng, D., & Liu, X. (2015). Comparative studies of pharmacokinetics and anticoagulatory effect in rats after oral administration of Frankincense and its processed products. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 172, 118-23. Retrieved September 5, 2019
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26117531
32. Sari, R. (2018, December 11). Frankincense Resin Discussion (Blood Disorders and resins)[Video]. YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TpWtEsuzVdM&fbclid=IwAR0-
33. Milić, N., Milosević, N., Golocorbin Kon, S., Bozić, T., Abenavoli, L., & Borrelli, F. (2014). Warfarin interactions with medical herbs. Natural Product Communications, 9(8), 1211-6. Retrieved September 15, 2019
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25233607
34. Ibrahim, M. & Garvey, J. (n.d.). Myrrh –Commiphora myrrha. Boswellness. Retrieved November 3, 2019
http://www.boswellness.com/products/commiphora-myrrha/
35. Ibrahim, M. & Garvey, J. (2017). What is Myrrh? What are Myrrh Uses?. Boswellness. Retrieved November 3, 2019
http://www.boswellness.com/updates/
36. de la Forêt, R. (2017). Myrrh Uses. Herbs with Rosalee. Retrieved November 3, 2019
https://www.herbalremediesadvice.org/myrrh-uses.html
37. Bursera graveolens. (n.d.). In Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved November 10, 2019
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bursera_graveolens
https://www.resinolia.com/shop/opoponax
37. Opopanax. (n.d.). In Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved November25, 2019 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opopanax
38. Boswellness (2017-2019)
http://www.boswellness.com/research/
39. Boswellness (2017-2019)
http://www.boswellness.com/products/boswellia-carteri/
Written permission has been obtained for some information from Dan Riegler, Ryan Bambrick, Jamie Garvey, Mahdi Ibrahim, Mohamed Sheikh, Eric Suarez, and Evan Sylliaasen
1. World Flora Online. (2020). Boswellia search. World Flora Online. Retrieved January 1, 2020 http://www.worldfloraonline.org/search?query=Boswellia
2. Burseraceae. (n.d.). In Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved January 3, 2019
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burseraceae
3. Middle East Institute. (2019). The Story of Frankincense. Middle East Institute. Retrieved January 3, 2019
http://www.mei.edu/sqcc/frankincense
4. Riegler, D. (2018). Frankincense as Medicine-Truth, Myth, and Misinformation. Apothecary's Garden. Retrieved February 5. 2019
https://apothecarysgarden.com/2018/02/28/frankincense-medicine-truth-mythandmisinformation/
5. Gebrehiwot, K., Muys, B., Haile, M., & Mitloehner, R. (2003). Introducing Boswellia Papyrifera (Del.) Hochst and Its Non-Timber Forest Product, Frankincense. International Forestry Review, 5(4), 348-353. Retrieved February 23, 2019
http://www.fao.org/docrep/ARTICLE/WFC/XII/0845-A1.HTM
6. Bambrick, R. (n.d). Ethiopian Frankincense - Boswellia papyrifera. NWI Trading Company. Retrieved February 24,2019
https://frankincense.net/products/ethiopian-frankincense-boswellia-papyrifea
7. Boswellic Acid. (n.d.). In Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from February 24, 2019
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boswellic_acid
8. Moussaieff, A., Rimmerman, N., Bregman, T., Straiker, A., Felder, C., Shoham, S., Kashman, Y., Huang, S., Lee, H., Shohami, E., Mackie, K., Caterina, M., Walker, J., Fride, E., & Mechoulam, R. (2008). PMC Incensole acetate, an incense component, elicits psych activity by activating TRPV3 channels in the brain. FASEB J., 22(8), 3024–3034. Retrieved February 24, 2019
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2493463/
9. Tisserand, R. (2015). Frankincense Oil and Cancer in Perspective. Tisserand Institute. Retrieved February 24,2019
http://tisserandinstitute.org/frankincense-oil-and-cancer-in-perspective/
10. Bambrick, R. (2016). Frankincense Information: Boswellia carterii. NWI Trading Company. Retrieved March 4, 2019
https://frankincense.info/2016/04/18/boswellia-carterii/
11. Ibrahim, M. & Garvey, J. (n.d.). Boswellness Certified Organic Frankincense & Myrrh Distillery. Boswellness. Retrieved March 4,2019
http://www.boswellness.com/
12. Schmiech, M., Lang, S., Werner, K., Rashan, L., Syrovets, T., & Simmet, T. (2019). Comparative Analysis of Pentacyclic Triterpenic Acid Compositions in Oleogum Resins of Different Boswellia Species and Their In Vitro Cytotoxicity against Treatment-Resistant Human Breast Cancer Cells. Molecules, 24(11), 2153. Retrieved April 5, 2019
https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/11/2153?fbclid=IwAR1bCI1cRT4LF8QafOf9sxnMvlcigEZ SM4NpqkCBughTuzXsyPIFy9L1Lo
13. Alpha-Pinene. (n.d.). In Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved April 5, 2019
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-Pinene#Properties_and_usage
14. Bambrick, R. (2016). Frankincense Information-Boswellia sacra. NWI Trading Company. Retrieved April 23, 2019
https://frankincense.info/2016/07/23/boswellia-sacra/
15. Boswellia sacra. (n.d.). In Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved May 11, 2019
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boswellia_sacra
16. Gingling, M. (n.d.). Complete Collection. Ethereal Aromas Incense Company.
Retrieved May 12, 2019
http://www.eaincense.com/complete-archive-collection.html
17. Blain, E., Ali, A., & Duance, V. (2010). Boswellia frereana (frankincense) suppresses cytokine-induced matrix metalloproteinase expression and production of pro-inflammatory molecules in articular cartilage. Phytotherapy Research, 24(6), 905-912. Retrieved May 12, 2019
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19943332
18. Singh, G., & Atal, C. (1986). Pharmacology of an extract of salai guggal ex-Boswellia serrata, a new nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent. Agents Actions, 18(3-4), 407-412. Retrieved May 26, 2019
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3751752
19. Sadhasivam, S., Palanivel, S, & Ghosh, S. (2016). Synergistic antimicrobial activity of Boswellia serrata Roxb. ex Colebr. (Burseraceae) essential oil with various azoles against pathogens associated with skin, scalp and nail infections. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 63(6), 495-501. Retrieved June 1, 2019, from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27730658
20. Sheikh, M. (2019). Natural Resin and Essential Oils. Resinolia. Retrieved June 1, 2019
https://www.resinolia.com/
21. The Sherpa. (2015). Boswellia Serrata: A Natural Pain Killer More Powerful than Ibuprofen. Natural Health Sherpa. Retrieved June 1, 2019
https://www.naturalhealthsherpa.com/boswellia-serrata-side-effects-extractbenefits/521079
22. Riegler, D. (2013). Boswellia rivae. Fair Trade Frankincense. Retrieved June 2, 2019 https://fairtradefrankincense.com/tag/boswellia-rivae/
23. Bambrick, R. (2016). Frankincense Blog-What is Frankincense? NWI Trading Company. Retrieved June 2, 2019
https://frankincense.net/blogs/frankincense-blog
24. Riegler, D. (n.d). Boswellia serrata. Fair Trade Frankincense. Retrieved June 2, 2019
https://fairtradefrankincense.com/tag/boswellia-serrata/
25. Woolley, C., Suhail, M., Smith, B., Boren, K., Taylor, L., Schreuder, M., Chai, J., Casabianca, H., Haq, S., Lin, H., Al-Shahri, A., Al-Hatmi, S., & Young, D. (2012). Chemical differentiation of Boswellia sacra and Boswellia carterii essential oils by gas chromatography and chiral gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A, 1261, 158-63. Retrieved July 1, 2019
https:// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22835693
26. Bambrick, R. (n.d.). Collections--Frankincense Resins. NWI Trading Company. Retrieved July 2, 2019
https://frankincense.net/collections/frankincense-resins
27. Myrrh. (n.d). In Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved July 5,2019
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myrrh
28. Sylliaasen, E. (2017). Frankincense-Divine Communion. The Northwest School of Aromatic Medicine. Retrieved July 8, 2019
https://aromaticmedicineschool.com/frankincense-divine-communion/
29. Sylliaasen, E. (2017). Aromatic Plant Profiles: Sacred Incense Plants of the World. Higher Mind Incense. Retrieved July 8, 2019
https://highermindincense.com/category/aromatic-plant-profiles/
30. Pan, Y., Liang, X., Niu, L., Wang, Y., Tong, X., Hua, H., Zheng, J., Meng, D., & Liu, X. (2015). Comparative studies of pharmacokinetics and anticoagulatory effect in rats after oral administration of Frankincense and its processed products. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 172, 118-23. Retrieved September 5, 2019
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26117531
31. Pan, Y., Liang, X., Niu, L., Wang, Y., Tong, X., Hua, H., Zheng, J., Meng, D., & Liu, X. (2015). Comparative studies of pharmacokinetics and anticoagulatory effect in rats after oral administration of Frankincense and its processed products. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 172, 118-23. Retrieved September 5, 2019
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26117531
32. Sari, R. (2018, December 11). Frankincense Resin Discussion (Blood Disorders and resins)[Video]. YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TpWtEsuzVdM&fbclid=IwAR0-
33. Milić, N., Milosević, N., Golocorbin Kon, S., Bozić, T., Abenavoli, L., & Borrelli, F. (2014). Warfarin interactions with medical herbs. Natural Product Communications, 9(8), 1211-6. Retrieved September 15, 2019
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25233607
34. Ibrahim, M. & Garvey, J. (n.d.). Myrrh –Commiphora myrrha. Boswellness. Retrieved November 3, 2019
http://www.boswellness.com/products/commiphora-myrrha/
35. Ibrahim, M. & Garvey, J. (2017). What is Myrrh? What are Myrrh Uses?. Boswellness. Retrieved November 3, 2019
http://www.boswellness.com/updates/
36. de la Forêt, R. (2017). Myrrh Uses. Herbs with Rosalee. Retrieved November 3, 2019
https://www.herbalremediesadvice.org/myrrh-uses.html
37. Bursera graveolens. (n.d.). In Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved November 10, 2019
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bursera_graveolens
https://www.resinolia.com/shop/opoponax
37. Opopanax. (n.d.). In Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved November25, 2019 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opopanax
38. Boswellness (2017-2019)
http://www.boswellness.com/research/
39. Boswellness (2017-2019)
http://www.boswellness.com/products/boswellia-carteri/